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Brain Tumor

An Overview

Addressing the complexity of brain tumors can be challenging, but patients in Gurgaon have the access to modern treatments and compassionate care. Individuals seeking Brain Tumor Treatment in Gurgaon can choose from a variety of modern therapies suited to their specific needs.

 

The Best Neurosurgeon for Brain Tumor in India – Dr. Aditya Gupta from Artemis Hospital, is a light of hope for patients dealing with brain tumors, offering novel surgical procedures, targeted radiation therapy, and breakthrough drugs.

 

Let’s explore the realm of Brain Tumor Treatment in Gurgaon and uncover the paths to recovery.

Brain Tumor

A tumor is a mass of abnormally developing cells in the brain or skull. There are many distinct forms of brain tumors. Some brain tumors are early stage, while others are cancerous. All brain tumors, curable or deadly, are severe. A developing tumor eventually compresses and damages other brain regions.

Symptoms of Brain Tumors

Brain tumor symptoms vary depending on the tumor’s location and size. The severity of symptoms does not indicate the size of the tumor; even tiny tumors can produce significant symptoms.

Headaches are a common sign of brain tumors. However, they are typically accompanied by another symptom.

Brain tumor headaches frequently differ from headaches caused by less severe illnesses.

Additional symptoms of a brain tumor may include:

  • Nausea and/or vomiting
  • Seizures
  • Visual and hearing disturbances (hallucinations)
  • Problems with memory
  • Slower thought process
  • Weakness on one side of the body, or an abnormal gait
  • Fatigue or increased sleep
  • Personality changes
Warning symptoms : Altered sensorium, rapid vision loss, repeated episodes of seizures,hemiplegia(extreme weakness of one half of body).

Diseases

Primary brain tumors form when normal cells have flaws (mutations) in their DNA. These mutations enable cells to grow and divide more rapidly, as well as to survive when healthy cells would perish. The end consequence is a mass of aberrant cells that form a tumor.

Primary brain tumors are far less common than secondary brain tumors, which occur when cancer spreads to the brain from another location. There are several distinct forms of primary brain tumors. Each derives its name from the type of cell involved.

Examples include:

 

Gliomas. Astrocytomas, ependymomas, glioblastomas, oligoastrocytomas, and oligodendrogliomas are all brain or spinal cord cancers.

Meningiomas A meningioma is a tumor that develops from the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord (meninges). Most meningiomas are not cancerous.

Acoustic neuromas (schwannomas). These are benign tumors that develop on the nerves that control balance and hearing leading from your inner ear to your brain.

Pituitary adenomas.

These are often benign tumors that form in the pituitary gland near the base of the brain. These tumors can influence pituitary hormones, causing consequences throughout the body.

Medulloblastomas.

These are the most prevalent malignant brain tumors in children. A medulloblastoma develops in the bottom back of the brain and spreads through spinal fluid. These tumors are less prevalent in adults, although they still exist.

PNETs. Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are rare, cancerous tumors that start in embryonic (fetal) cells in the brain. They can occur anywhere in the brain.

Germ Cell Tumors. Germ cell tumors may develop during childhood where the testicles or ovaries will form. But sometimes germ cell tumors move to other parts of the body, such as the brain.

Craniopharyngiomas. These uncommon, noncancerous tumors begin near the brain’s pituitary gland, which secretes hormones that regulate numerous bodily activities. As the craniopharyngioma progresses, it may harm the pituitary gland and other organs around the brain.

Cancer that begins elsewhere and spreads to the brain

Secondary (metastatic) brain tumors are tumors that result from cancer that starts elsewhere in your body and then spreads (metastasizes) to brain.

Secondary brain tumors most often occur in people who have a history of cancer. But in rare cases, a metastatic brain tumor may be the first sign of cancer that began elsewhere in our body.

Secondary brain tumors are far more common than are primary brain tumors.

Any cancer can spread to the brain, but the most common types include:

  • Breast cancer
  • Colon cancer
  • Kidney cancer
  • Lung cancer
  • Melanoma

Causes Of Brain Tumor

We don’t know exactly what causes brain tumors, but studies show that a variety of factors lead to their growth. The risk factors for brain tumors are:
  • Exposure to radiation, including medical radiation.
  • A family history of certain genetic illnesses such as neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, Von Hippel-Lindau disease, and Li-Fraumeni syndrome.
  • Having a weakened immune system, particularly with CNS lymphomas and AIDS.
  • Heavy mobile phone use has been linked to an increased risk of glioma.

Diagnosis

A neurological examination involve tests for vision, hearing, balance, coordination, strength, and reflexes. Difficulty in one or more regions may indicate which section of the brain is likely to be impacted by a brain tumor.

 

If a doctor detects a brain tumor, one of the first steps toward an accurate diagnosis of brain cancer is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This imaging test provides clinicians with a unique perspective of the brain and can be the only test required to detect the existence of a brain tumor. In some circumstances, a CT scan can be utilized.

 

PET scans, which allow doctors to detect brain activity, can diagnose primary brain cancer and are also particularly beneficial when dealing with metastatic disease.

 

Acquiring and examining a sample of unusual tissue (biopsy).

 

Often, a brain biopsy is used to confirm the malignancy and kind of brain tumor. Brain biopsies are frequently performed as part of an operation to remove a tumor. In the operating room, the surgeon can analyze the sample tissue and decide whether or not to proceed with surgical therapy.

 

A pathologist will conduct a more thorough examination of the tumor samples. It may take a few days to get results.

 

A closed biopsy, also known as a stereotactic biopsy, is used in some circumstances when the tumor is located in a difficult-to-reach area of the brain. While it is the least intrusive sort of biopsy, it is not without dangers. A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) is sometimes performed.

Brain Tumor Treatment In Gurgaon

The treatment plan will be determined by the type of tumor, its location, and its grade. Some tumors can be treated completely, while others may only be treated to delay their development or alleviate severe symptoms. Unfortunately, there may be no suggested course of therapy for some brain tumors.

Surgery –

Surgery involves the excision of the tumor and some surrounding healthy tissue during an operation. It is typically the first therapy given for a brain tumor and is frequently the only treatment required for a low-grade brain tumor. Removing the tumor can reduce neurological symptoms, give tissue for diagnosis, increase the efficacy of various brain tumor therapies, and, in many cases, improve a person’s prognosis.

Tumor excision (total removal) and debulking (removing as much as feasible) are two surgical methods used to treat brain tumors. In some circumstances, surgery is the sole treatment option, while others may require additional treatments such as radiation therapy. Many tumors are treated with surgery and then radiation treatment.

Radiation therapy –

Radiation treatment can be used alone or in conjunction with surgery to treat some types of brain tumors. Memory loss and difficulty concentrating are possible side effects. Swelling can also be a side effect that is commonly addressed with corticosteroids.

Radiosurgery –
Stereotactic radiosurgery is not a standard surgical procedure. Instead, radiosurgery employs numerous beams of radiation to provide a highly targeted kind of radiation treatment that kills tumor cells in a very tiny region. Each beam of radiation isn’t extremely powerful, but the location where all the beams intersect – at the brain tumor — receives a massive dosage of radiation to destroy the tumor cells. Radiosurgery is typically the preferred treatment for benign tumors that are minor in size.

Radiosurgery uses several forms of technology to administer radiation to treat brain tumors, such as a Gamma Knife or Cyberknife.

Radiosurgery is normally performed in a single session, and most patients can return home the same day.

Chemotherapy –

Chemotherapy may be used in cancers that have been shown to react favourably to chemotherapy drugs, such as CNS lymphoma, gliomas, and medulloblastomas.

Targeted therapy –

Targeted therapy medications are a novel type of treatment that directly targets alterations in cancer cells. Avastin is one of these medications.

Rehabilitation after treatment –

Because brain tumors can form in areas of the brain that regulate motor abilities, speech, vision, and thinking, rehabilitation may be required during the healing process.

The Best Neurosurgeon for Brain Tumor in India – Dr. Aditya Gupta from Artemis Hospital will recommend you to helpful services, such as:

  • Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help you restore lost motor skills and muscular strength. .
  • Occupational therapy :Following a brain tumor or other sickness, occupational therapy can help you resume your usual daily activities, including your job.
  • Speech therapy :If you are having problems speaking, speech treatment with a speech pathologist might be beneficial.
  • Tutoring for school-age children :This can help them cope with changes in their memory and thinking following a brain tumor.

Facilities

Our team consists of the Best Neurosurgeon for Brain Tumor in India, radiosurgery experts, intensivists, and specialized neuro personnel. We offer a cutting-edge operating theatre equipped with the greatest tools and technology from across the world.


1.OPMI PENTERO 900 Microscope with ALA Dye Fluorescence Facility

2.Endoscope with both cranial and spinal connectors.

3.Electa Leksell Frame for Deep brain stimulation,lesioning and stereotactic biopsies
4.Navigation system 

  • Navigation system for a focused approach to cranial and spinal malignancies
  • Allowing for more accurate surgery
  • Smaller incisions
  • Less blood loss
  • Less time spent
  • Total tumor removal

 

5.O Arm : It allows us to operate on the most complicated of brain and spinal cases with accuracy and ease, resulting in a significant reduction in the occurrence of complications.

6.Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring :nerve sparing, epilepsy operations, and deep brain stimulation.

7.Cusa: To assist in safely remove tumors whose position and consistency are difficult to approach

Cause

The exact roots of brain tumors are not known, although several factors can increase a person’s chance of having one.

Some of the leading causes of brain tumors are:

  • Genetic factors: Certain rare genetic abnormalities, such as neurofibromatosis and Li-Fraumeni syndrome, can raise a person’s chance of developing brain tumors.
  • Radiation Exposure:  High quantities of ionizing radiation, such as those used in cancer treatment or from atomic bombs or nuclear accidents, can increase a person’s chance of developing brain tumors.
  • Age:Brain tumors can develop at any age, although they are more frequent in older persons.
  • Gender:  Women are more likely to get some forms of brain tumors, such as meningiomas.
  • Immune system disorders: People with compromised immune systems, such as HIV/AIDS patients or those using immunosuppressive medicines, may be more likely to develop brain tumors.
  • Environmental factors: Certain chemicals or poisons, such as pesticides or industrial chemicals, may raise a person’s chance of getting brain tumors, although the data is inconclusive.

It’s worth noting that in many situations, the actual source of a brain tumor remains unclear. However, by recognizing the risk factors connected with brain tumors, people may make efforts to lower their risk and seek medical assistance if they notice any unusual symptoms.

Diagnosis

A series of processes and tests normally diagnose a brain tumor.

Here’s an overview of the procedure:

  • Medical History and Physical Examination: The doctor will inquire about the patient’s symptoms, medical history, and any risk factors for brain tumors. They will also do a physical examination to look for indications of neurological disorders.
  • Imaging tests: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans are the two most often utilized imaging methods to diagnose brain malignancies. These tests can produce comprehensive pictures of the brain, allowing doctors to determine the location, size, and kind of tumor.
  • Biopsy: In certain situations, a biopsy may be required to confirm the diagnosis of a brain tumor. This entails extracting a tiny amount of tissue from the tumor and studying it under a microscope.
  • Neurological tests: Depending on the location of the tumor, the doctor may do further tests to evaluate the patient’s neurological function, such as vision, hearing, coordination, and reflexes.
  • Blood tests: While blood tests are not used to identify brain tumors, they can be used to rule out other illnesses that may be causing the patient’s symptoms.

Once a brain tumor has been detected, further tests may be conducted to assess the tumor’s stage and whether it has spread to other regions of the body.

Treatment

Secondary (metastatic) brain tumors are cancers that begin elsewhere in the body and spread (metastasize) to the brain.

The fundamental objective of brain tumor treatment is to remove as many tumor as possible while preserving healthy brain tissue.

Surgery is frequently the first line of therapy for brain tumors. In some circumstances, the entire tumor can be removed; in others, just a piece of it can be removed. The amount of tumor excised is determined by its size and location.

Radiation therapy is another often-used treatment for brain tumors. It employs high-energy radiation to eliminate cancer cells and reduce tumors. Radiation treatment is frequently used following surgery to eliminate any leftover cancer cells.

Chemotherapy can also be used to treat brain tumors. It entails the use of medicines to destroy cancer cells. Chemotherapy is often administered to individuals whose tumors cannot be removed surgically or who have relapsed following treatment.

Brain tumors can sometimes be treated with a mix of medicines. For example, surgery may be followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy.

Fatigue, hair loss, nausea, and cognitive impairments are all potential adverse effects of brain tumor treatment. These adverse effects are treatable with drugs and supportive care.

Overall, treating brain tumors necessitates a multidisciplinary strategy comprising a team of specialists, including neurosurgeons, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists. The objective is to give the best possible therapy while minimizing the impact on the patient’s quality of life.